Proving Federal Crimes
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 Structuring the Investigation
1.01 Overview
1.02 Analyzing the initial complaint
1.03 Authority of agent to act
1.04 Preliminary inquiries
1.05 Legality of investigative techniques
1.06 Aiding and Abetting
1.07 Conspiracy
1.08 Crime scene
1.09 Evidence response teams
1.10 Financial investigations
1.11 FinCEN
1.12 Tax records
1.13 Asset forfeiture
1.14 Pre-seizure planning
1.15 Digital evidence
1.16 Cellular phones
1.17 Tracing e-mail
1.18 Smart cards
1.19 DNA
1.20 Mail covers
1.21 Parallel proceedings
1.22 Report writing and maintaining notes
1.23 Witness interviews and interrogations
1.24 Responsibilities toward victims and witnesses
1.25 Child witnesses and victims
1.26 Material witnesses
1.27 The use of pseudonyms by witnesses
1.28 Law of arrest
1.29 Lineups and showups
1.30 Power to order lineup
1.31 Lineup -- self-incrimination
1.32 Lineup -- search and seizure
1.33 Admissibility of lineup and showup
1.34 Physical evidence
1.35 Gunshot residue evidence
1.36 Trace evidence -- hairs/fibers -- crime scene
1.37 Surgical instructions and blood samples
1.38 fingerprinting
1.39 Handwriting exemplars
1.40 Voice exemplars
1.41 Spectrographs -- voice print
1.42 Polygraphs
1.43 Hypnosis
1.44 Hypnosis of a defendant
1.45 Disclosure of the use of hypnosis
1.46 Hypnosis factors to consider
1.47 Computer animations
1.48 Subpoenas to attorneys
1.49 Identity theft
1.50 The USA Patriot Act
1.51 National security
1.52 Classified information
1.53 Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)
Chapter 2
Search Warrants
2.01 Use of search warrants
2.02 Probable cause for search warrant
2.03 Timeliness of information
2.04 Probable cause establish by hearsay
2.05 False statement in affidavit
2.06 Particularity of a description
2.07 Time of warrant
2.08 Who may execute warrant
2.09 Knock and announce
2.10 Plain view and other seizure rules
2.11 Good Faith
2.12 Anticipatory warrants
2.13 Sneak and peek warrants USA Patriot Act § 213
2.14 Body Instructions
2.15 Computers
2.16 Administrative search warrants
2.17 Execution and return with inventory
2.18 Return of seized property
2.19 Search warrant return form
2.20 Constructing affidavit sample language
2.21 Affidavit documents
2.22 Affidavit identification documents
2.23 Search warrant form
Chapter 3 Warrantless Searches
3.01 Warrantless searches
3.02 Non searches
3.03 Consent searches
3.04 Border and customs searches
3.05 Sea searches
3.06 Expectation of privacy/standing
3.07 Search incident to valid arrest
3.08 Validity of the arrest
3.09 When a person is under arrest
3.10 Search must be contemporaneous with arrest
3.11 Scope of Warrantless searches incident to arrest
3.12 Seizures without probable cause
3.13 Stop and frisk
3.14 Detention of occupants during search
3.15 Exigent circumstances
3.16 Emergencies
3.17 Destruction, removal or escape
3.18 Hot pursuit
3.19 Vehicle searches
3.20 Inventory searches of vehicles
3.21 Evidence in plain view
3.22 Prison searches
3.23 Administrative searches
3.24 The exclusionary rule
3.25 Fruit of Poisonous Tree
3.26 Inevitable discovery
3.27 Independent source
3.28 Attenuation
3.29 Other rules affecting admissibility
3.30 Motions to suppress
3.31 Hearing issues
3.32 Appeals
Chapter 4 Electronic Surveillance
4.01 Overview
4.02 History of legislation
4.03 Patriot Act amendments
4.04 The authorization request
4.05 Roving interception
4.06 Emergency interception
4.07 Video surveillance -- approval required
4.08 Use of Title III affidavits
4.09 Consensual monitoring
4.10 Consensual monitoring DOJ procedures
4.11 Overhears discovery
4.12 Overhears attorneys
4.13 Title III applications
4.14 Title III affidavits
4.15 Title III orders
4.16 Managing the wiretap
4.17 Post-interception requirements
4.18 Wiretap checklist
4.19 Investigative techniques complementing a wiretap
4.20 Non-disclosure of investigative techniques
4.21 Suppression of Title III evidence
4.22 Other electronic evidence
4.23 Video surveillance
4.24 The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA)
4.25 The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA)
Chapter 5 International Issues
5.01 Overview
5.02 Diplomatic Immunity
5.03 International legal assistance
5.04 Obtaining evidence abroad
5.05 Statute of limitations and the Speedy Trial Act
5.06 Cost and methods of obtaining evidence
5.07 Letters rogatory
5.08 Mutual Legal Assistance Treaties (MLATS)
5.09 Executive agreement
5.10 Informal methods
5.11 The FBIs Legal Attache program
5.12 Subpoenas
5.13 Forfeiture of foreign assets
5.14 Drafting requests for assistance
5.15 Translations
5.16 Documentary evidence
5.17 Depositions
5.18 Arrest of foreign nationals
5.19 Arrest of foreign territories
Chapter 6 Fugitives
6.01 Overview
6.02 Preventing fugitivity
6.03 Locating fugitives
6.04 OIAS fugitive unite
6.05 Fugitive Felon Act (UFAP)
6.06 Interpol
6.07 Fugitive diffusion form
6.08 Form agreement to extradite
6.09 Foreign extradition
6.10 Procedures for extradition
6.11 Provisional arrest
6.12 Extradition procedure in the foreign country
6.13 Return of the fugitive
6.14 Alternatives to extradition
6.15 U.S. extraditions to foreign nations
6.16 Interstate extradition and the agreement of Detainers
6.17 Transfer to other federal district
Chapter 7 Admissions and Confessions
7.01 Overview
7.02 Jackson v. Denno hearings
7.03 Foundation questions
7.04 Voluntariness
7.05 Tricks and deceit
7.06 Threats and promises
7.07 Custody definition
7.08 Custody place of detention
7.09 Interrogation defined
7.10 Routine booking questions and pre-sentence reports
7.11 Public safety
7.12 Private citizens
7.13 The Miranda warnings -- generally
7.14 Miranda warnings -- asking if the suspect understands the rights
7.15 Miranda warnings -- requesting an explicit waiver
7.16 Waiving Miranda Rights -- generally
7.17 Intelligent waiver
7.18 Voluntary waiver
7.19 Assertion of right to remain silent
7.20 Assertion of right to counsel
7.21 Ambiguous and unambiguous invocations-- Davis and Smith
7.22 Break in custody
7.23 Anticipatory invocations
7.24 Initiation
7.25 The Sixth Amendment right to counsel
7.26 Sixth Amendment waiver
7.27 Asking for an attorney at arraignment
7.28 Ethical considerations
7.29 Impeachment
7.30 Fruit of illegal searches and seizures
7.31 Illegal detention
7.32 Fruit of an involuntary confession
7.33 Fruit of a Miranda violation -- Elstad
7.34 Miranda and psychiatrists
7.35 Co-defendant confessions the Bruton rule
7.36 Grand jury target warnings
7.37 Sample target letter
7.38 Sample proffer letter
7.39 Model interrogations and confessions policy
7.40 Foreign prosecutions
Chapter 8 Self-incrimination and Immunity
8.01 Overview
8.02 Self-incrimination at trial
8.03 Grounds for invoking privilege
8.04 Waiver of privilege by witness
8.05 Waiver of privilege by testifying defendant
8.06 Requiring defendant to give non-testimonial evidence
8.07 Invocation by prosecution witness
8.08 Calling witness who will claim privilege
8.09 The privilege after a guilty plea
8.10 Informal/formal immunity distinguished
8.11 Derivative use immunity
8.12 Statutory authority to compel testimony
8.13 Approval and authorization for formal immunity
8.14 Authorization procedure for immunity requests
8.15 Decision to request immunity -- the public interest
8.16 Decision to request immunity -- close-family exception
8.17 Decision to request immunity -- conviction prior to compulsion
8.18 Granting immunity on behalf of a defendant
8.19 Obtaining the court order
8.20 Immunity for the act of production
8.21 Authorization to prosecute after compulsion
8.22 Use of immunized testimony by sentencing court
8.23 Steps to avoid taint
8.24 Civil contempt
8.25 Criminal contempt
Chapter 9 Informants
9.01 Overview
9.02 DOJ informant guidelines
9.03 Prosecution strategies
9.04 Defense strategies
9.05 Jury instructions
9.06 Cooperation agreements
Chapter 10 Corporations
10.01 Overview
10.02 Corporate criminal liability
10.03 Corporate privilege issues
10.04 Contacts with represented parties
10.05 Indictment
10.06 Charging corporations -- generally
10.07 Charging corporations -- factors
10.08 Special policy concerns
10.09 Pervasiveness of wrongdoing
10.10 Corporate past history
10.11 Cooperation and voluntary disclosure
10.12 Corporate compliance programs
10.13 Restitution and remediation
10.14 Collateral consequences
10.15 Non-criminal alternatives
10.16 Selecting charges
10.17 Plea agreements with corporations
10.18 Taking corporate guilty pleas
10.19 Sarbanes-Oxley
10.20 Federal securities laws
10.21 Corporate bookkeeping practices
10.22 Jury instructions: Corporate responsibility
10.23 Jury instructions: personal responsibility of corporate agent
10.24 Sentencing
10.25 Market capitalization as the measure of loss
10.26 Professional responsibility issues in corporate fraud matters
Chapter 11 Prosecution of Juveniles
11.01 Overview
11.02 Disposition
11.03 Certification
11.04 Certification -- form
11.05 Filing of the complaint
11.06 Motion to transfer
11.07 Arrest of a juvenile
11.08 Interrogation and presentment
11.09 Detention of juveniles
11.10 Parental notification
11.11 Photos and fingerprints
11.12 Publicity
11.13 Prosecutorial discretion
11.14 Child witnesses and victims
11.15 Sample juvenile information
Chapter 12 Grand Jury
12.01 Overview
12.02 Functions, powers and limitations
12.03 Power of grand jury limited
12.04 Venue limitations
12.05 Limitation on naming unindicted co-conspirators
12.06 Limitations of subpoenas
12.07 Fair credit reporting act and grand jury subpoenas
12.08 Subpoenas for financial records
12.09 Subpoenaing targets
12.10 Advice of rights to grand jury witnesses
12.11 Request by subjects and targets to testify
12.12 Notification of targets
12.13 Advance assertion of an intention to claim the Fifth Amendment privilege
12.14 Notification to targets when target status end
12.15 Limitation on resubpoenaing contumacious witnesses
12.16 Illegally obtained evidence
12.17 Hearsay
12.18 Exculpatory evidence
12.19 Authorized attorneys
12.20 Presence of an interpreter
12.21 Grand jury secrecy
12.22 Disclosure to DOJ attorneys
12.23 Guidelines for handling grand jury documents
12.24 Subpoenas to lawyers and the news media
12.25 The special grand jury 18 U.S.C. § 3331
12.26 Intelligence gathering and the grand jury
Chapter 13 Ethical Issues
13.01 Overview
13.02 The role of the federal prosecutor
13.03 The charging decision
13.04 Selective prosecution
13.05 Vindictive prosecution
13.06 Number of charges
13.07 Exculpatory evidence
13.08 Witness preparation
13.09 Opening statement
13.10 False evidence
13.11 Use of plea agreements
13.12 Inflammatory or otherwise inadmissible evidence
13.13 Conduct of testifying agents
13.14 Forcing a claim of privilege
13.15 Use of defendants evidence
13.16 Closing arguments
13.17 Invited response doctrine
13.18 Sentencing - grand jury disclosures
Chapter 14 Jurisdiction
14.01 Overview
14.02 Subject matter jurisdiction
14.03 The Commerce Clause
14.04 Extraterritorial jurisdiction
14.05 General maritime jurisdiction
14.06 General maritime offenses
14.07 Piracy
14.08 Violence against maritime navigation
14.09 Hostage taking
14.10 Terrorist acts abroad against U.S. nationals
14.11 Extraterritorial terrorism
14.12 USA Patriot Act
14.13 Conspiracy in the United States to murder, kidnap, maim or damage property overseas
14.14 Territorial jurisdiction
14.15 Assimilative Crimes Act
14.16 Aircraft jurisdiction
14.17 India country
14.18 Property held proprietarily
14.19 Jurisdiction as element
14.20 Personal jurisdiction
14.21 Venue
14.22 Venue offenses in more than one district
14.23 Venue Offenses no committed in any district
14.24 Venue for indirect criminal contempt
14.25 Rule 21 transfer of venue
14.26 Venue waiver form
Chapter 15 Indictments
15.01 Overview
15.02 Caption and citation
15.03 Subscription
15.04 Elements
15.05 Culpable mental state
15.06 Bill of particulars
15.07 Date and time
15.08 Jurisdiction and venue
15.09 Amendment and variance
15.10 Conjunctive/disjunctive
15.11 Multiplicity and duplicity
15.12 Conspiracy
15.13 Superseding indictments
15.14 Waiver
Chapter 16 Preliminary Procedures
16.01 Arrest
16.02 Criminal complaints
16.03 Warrant/summons
16.04 First appearance
16.05 Preliminary examinations
16.06 Charting the Speedy Trial clock
16.07 Arraignment
16.08 Rule 12 notices
16.09 Rule 12 pretrial motions
16.10 Rule 15 depositions
16.11 Rule 20 transfers
Chapter 17 Bail & Detention
17.01 General provisions
17.02 Bail reform act
17.03 Categories
17.04 Personal recognizance
17.05 Conditional release
17.06 Eligibility for release - actors
17.07 Temporary detention orders
17.08 Detention
17.09 Bail application following detention
17.10 Breach of condition of bond
17.11 Defendants appeal of detention order
17.12 Miscellaneous sections
Chapter 18 Discovery
18.01 Overview
18.02 Statements of defendant
18.03 Defendants prior record
18.04 Documents and objects
18.05 Reports of examination and tests
18.06 Expert witnesses
18.07 Witness list
18.08 Witness list of non-testifying people
18.09 Disclosure of identities of informants
18.10 Witness statement
18.11 Witness interviews
18.12 Protective orders
18.13 Disclosure by the defendant
18.14 Information not subject to disclosure
18.15 Continuing duty to disclose
18.16 Sanctions for failure to provide discovery
18.17 Rule 17 © subpoenas
18.18 Notice of defenses
18.19 Bill of particulars
18.20 FOIA
Chapter 19 Brady-Giglio
19.01 Overview
19.02 Brady material
19.03 Materiality
19.04 Doubts to be resolved in favor of disclosure
19.05 Knowing use of false testimony Napue v. Illinois
19.06 Credibility evidence
19.07 Personnel records
19.08 Court under no duty to research files of prosecutor
19.09 Timing of disclosure of Brady material
19.10 Material available to the prosecution
19.11 CIPA
19.12 Non-prosecution agreements
19.13 Types of information to request
19.14 Consequences of non-disclosure
Chapter 20 Jencks Act
20.01 Overview
20.02 Production of government witnesss statements
20.03 Subject matter testimony
20.04 Trial court review
20.05 Reasonable time to review
20.06 Statements producible under the Jenks Act
20.07 Notes of witness interviews
20.08 Reports by government agents
20.09 Prosecutors notes
20.10 Grand jury testimony
20.11 Destruction of interview notes
Chapter 21 Speedy Trial
21.01 Overview
21.02 Constitutional speedy trial protection
21.03 Barker v. Wingo
21.04 Length of delay
21.05 Cause for delay
21.06 Timely assertion of speedy trial right
21.07 Prejudice caused by delay
21.08 The Speedy Trial Act
21.09 Excludable delay
21.10 Ends of justice continuances
21.11 Withdrawn plea
21.12 Incarcerated elsewhere
21.13 Sanctions
21.14 Waiver
21.15 Pre-accusation delay
Chapter 22 Joiner and Severance
22.01 Overview
22.02 Joinder of offenses
22.03 Multiple counts
22.04 Multiple indictments
22.05 Joinder of defendants
22.06 Same indictment
22.07 Consolidation for trial
22.08 Conspiracy
22.09 Relief from prejudicial Joinder
22.10 Severance of offenses
22.11 Severance of defendants
22.12 Waiver
Chapter 23 Double Jeopardy and Mistrial
23.01 Double jeopardy
23.02 Same offense
23.03 Lesser included offense
23.04 Dual sovereigns
23.05 The petite policy
23.06 Appeals
23.07 Collateral estoppels
23.08 Defendants choice
23.09 Forfeitures
23.10 Mistrial
Chapter 24 Negotiated Pleas
24.01 Overview
24.02 Plea agreements
24.03 Nolo and Alford pleas
24.04 Pleas requiring approvals
24.05 Consulting investigative agency and victim
24.06 Fraud cases
24.07 Corporations
24.08 Restitution
24.09 Plea agreements and appeal waivers
24.10 Pretrial diversion
24.11 Pretrial diversion eligibility criteria
24.12 Contract principals apply
24.13 Wired & global plea agreements
24.14 Third party and monetary considerations
24.15 Asset forfeiture
24.16 Proffers, waivers, and Mezzanatto
24.17 Plea procedures
Chapter 25 Jury Issues
25.01 Overview
25.02 Waiver of right to jury trial
25.03 Waiver of right to have twelve persons on jury
25.04 Voir dire
25.05 Batson challenges
25.06 Batson: procedure after prima facie discrimination
25.07 Batson: permissible and impermissible reasons
25.08 Challenges for cause
25.09 Peremptory challenges
25.10 Sequestration of jury
25.11 Simultaneous use of two juries
25.12 Anonymous jury
25.13 Release of juror names and addresses
25.14 Replacement of juror with alternate
25.15 Substitution of alternate after deliberations have begun
25.16 Temporary disability of deliberating jurors
25.17 Communications between trial court and jury
25.18 Juror misconduct or bias
25.19 Outside contact with jurors
25.20 Jurors seeing defendant in handcuffs
25.21 Note taking by jurors
25.22 Jury questioning of witnesses
25.23 Jury instructions
25.24 Rereading testimony
25.25 Sending exhibits to jury room
25.26 Sending indictment to jury
25.27 Deadlocked jury
25.28 Polling the jury
25.29 Unclear, partial and inconsistent verdicts
25.30 Testimony by jurors that may impeach verdict
Chapter 26 Trial Issues
26.01 Overview
26.02 Trial sequence
26.03 Role of judge
26.04 Comment on evidence
26.05 Absence of defendant
26.06 Bench conferences
26.07 Use of interpreters
26.08 Excluding witnesses
26.09 Attorney conferring w/defendant
26.10 Stipulations
26.11 Recalcitrant witness
26.12 Evasive/equivocal answers
26.13 Disruptive defendant
26.14 Courtroom experiments
26.15 Chain of custody
26.16 Mistrial
26.17 Rule 29 motions for judgment of acquittal
26.18 Reopening after resting
26.19 Prosecution concepts
26.20 Successive cross-examination
26.21 Rebuttal
Chapter 27 Common Defenses
27.01 Overview
27.02 Culpable mental state defenses generally
27.03 Culpable mental defenses drug cases
27.04 Intent to distribute
27.05 Good faith defense
27.06 Good faith instruction
27.07 Advice of counsel defense
27.08 Advice of counsel instruction
27.09 Willful blindness
27.10 Insanity
27.11 Insanity scoop of expert testimony
27.12 Insanity jury instruction
27.13 Insanity special verdict and commitment
27.14 Mental competency to stand trial distinguished
27.15 Diminished capacity
27.16 Entrapment generally
27.17 Entrapment as a matter of law
27.18 Derivative entrapment
27.19 Outrageous government conduct
27.20 Public authority
27.21 Entrapment by estopple
27.22 Classified Information Procedures Act (CIPA)
27.23 The drug-addict defense
27.24 The buyer/seller defense
27.25 Duress
27.26 Alibi
27.27 Statutes of limitation defense
27.28 Self-defense
27.29 Aggression and mutual combat
27.30 Reasonable force, deadly force
27.31 Immediate or present danger
27.32 Duty to retreat
27.33 Defense of third persons
27.34 Imperfect self-defense
27.35 Battered woman syndrome
27.36 Justification and excusable homicide
27.37 Justification choice of evils
27.38 Attempt
27.39 Lesser included offenses
Chapter 28 Sentence
28.01 Historical background
28.02 Apprendi v. New Jersey and Clakely v. Washington
28.03 The circuits response
28.04 The future of sentencing
Chapter 29 Post trial proceedings
29.01 Overview
29.02 Judgment of acquittal
29.03 Arrest of judgment
29.04 Motion for new trial
29.05 Correction of sentence
29.06 Substantial assistance
29.07 Appeals
29.08 Habeas corpus
29.09 2241 Petitions
29.10 2255 Petitions
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